News di Alcologia

Alcohol can make a monkey out of us
Researchers captured 1000 vervet monkeys from St. Kitts island, kept them in a social group and conducted research on their drinking habits.

They found that the monkeys' drinking behaviours were remarkably similar to humans':
Social drinkers: the majority of the monkeys. They prefer alcohol diluted in fruit juice, will only drink in the company of other monkeys,

and not before lunch. Regular drinkers: fifteen percent of the monkeys prefer their alcohol "neat" or diluted in water, not sweetened or

diluted with fruit juice. Interestingly, steady drinkers do very well in social groups, and are good leaders. They run troops well, they keep

order well, and they're very dominant. This type of alcoholic monkey is a very functional animal. Binge drinkers: five percent of the monkeys

drink their alcohol fast, get in fights, and drink themselves into a coma. Just as in humans, there are more young males in this group. If

this group has unrestricted access to alcohol, they will drink themselves to death within 2-3 months. Binge drinkers differ from regular (or

"steady") drinkers by their drinking patterns rather than by the amounts of alcohol they consume. Teetotaler: fifteen percent of the monkeys

prefer little or no alcohol.
For many years, alcoholism in humans was thought to be purely a learned behaviour -- the result of environmental factors. But more recent

studies indicate that in humans, the tendency towards alcohol addiction has a genetic component: it tends to run in families. Research has

found three regions on the human genome that may be linked to alcoholism. Unfortunately, since these areas contain up to 300 genes, it may be some years before specific "alcohol genes" are identified.
I think it is interesting that, despite living in a tropical paradise, without any economic problems or deprivation, this video clearly documents that some monkeys still become alcoholics. Additionally, this video shows how vervet monkeys' alcohol use mirrors that of humans, suggesting that they too, have a genetic component. Further, human and vervet monkey DNA shares an 84.2% similarity. So even though it is difficult to study humans' genetics and patterns of alcohol consumption, researchers can study vervet monkeys. So research is ongoing in these monkeys to better understand their patterns of alcohol use and abuse -- valuable since scientists can carefully control the monkeys' environment and the monkeys can be selectively bred so researchers can better understand the effects of particular genes on behaviour.

Read more:
R.M. Palmour and F.R. Ervin. Alcohol consumption in vervet monkeys: biological correlates and factor analysis of behavioral patterns.
Frank R. Ervin, Roberta M. Palmour, Simon N. Young, Carlos Guzman-Flores and Jorge Juarez. Voluntary consumption of beverage alcohol by

vervet monkeys: Population screening, descriptive behavior and biochemical measures (1990). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 36(2):367

-373 (June 1990) DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(90)90417-G
Jorge Juarez, Carlos Guzman-Flores, Frank R. Ervin and Roberta M. Palmour. Voluntary alcohol consumption in vervet monkeys: Individual, sex,

and age differences (1993). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 46(4): 985-988 (December 1993). DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90232-I